In part 24, emperor Hadrian of the Roman Empire visited the remining ruins of Jerusalem, where he founded the new city of Aelia Capitolina and built a temple to honor Jupiter, as in Sumerian Enlil, Egypt Ammon and Osiris (Orion,) Babylonian Marduk, Greek Zeus, Hebrew YHVH, and Nordic Odin.
This led to the third Jewish revolt led by Simon Bar Kokhba, in which ‘Israel’ became independent for 2,5 years before once again being crushed by the Roman Empire. 50 outposts and as many as 985 villages were razed to the ground, and more than 580,000 men were slain. Some scholars describe it as genocide.
In 165 AD, disease struck Rome and, as fear mongering, was described as a plague. Only a few years later, Germanic tribes invades the frontlines of the Roman Empire, and the 200 years of peace, the Pax Romana, was ended.
In 171 AD, emperor Marcus Aurelius managed to expel the invaders, meanwhile, the migrating Germanic people known as the Goths reached the banks of the Black Sea.
In 185 AD, Marcus Aurelius’s successor, Commodus, enjoyd rigged gladiator games where he, himself, participated and claimed to have been victorious in more than 1,000 matches, all while draining Rome’s treasury.
A few years later, farmers were unable to harvest their crop and food shortages occurred followed by riots. As people died from starvation, sickness and from rioting, the officials called it a ‘plague.’
In 190 AD, a part of Rome burned down and emperor Commodus ordered it to be rebuilt, under the name Colonia Commodiana. The year after, on the night of December 31, Commodus alarmed the Senate by appearing dressed as a gladiator before the installment of the new consulship.
Meanwhile, Commodus’ mistress Marcia found out that her name had been added to the imperial execution list and she hired champion wrestler Narcissus to assassinate Commodus. This assassination was, by 193 AD, the start of the ‘Year of the Five Emperors,’ where five men claimed the title of the Roman Emperor. This resulted in the Empire being auctioned off with Marcus Didius Julianus as the highest bidder, who offered 300 million sesterces for the throne.
However, Lucius Septimius Severus, who had held military and political positions under the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, was proclaimed as the real Emperor by his troops at Carnuntum. One and a half month later, on June 1st, 193 AD, Septimius Severus entered the capital of Rome and had Julianus put to death. He replaced the Praetorian Guard with a 15,000-man force from the Danubian legions, and gained control of the Roman Empire, beginning the Severan dynasty.
In 194 AD, the Roman/Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher, Aelius Galenus, known as Galen, published his manual known as ‘The Art of Curing,’ followed by ‘Pharmacologia’ in 197 AD; and his theories on black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm, would influence and dominate Western medical “science” for more than 1,300 years.
In 197 AD, Emperor Septimius Severus defeated the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (present-day Lyon.) As he returned to Rome, he had about 30 of Albinus’ supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declared himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius.
Shortly afterwards, he sent the Roman army to repel a Parthian invasion of Mesopotamia (West Asia situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system.) The army looted the royal palace at Ctesiphon and captured an enormous number of its inhabitants as slaves. And before the end of the year, Severus excluded the Senate from controlling the empire by declaring a military dictatorship.
In 202 AD, emperor Septimius Severus returned to Rome after a five-year absence. Immediately, Severus made several changes within the imperial government, giving the Roman army a dominant role, raising pay in the legions, and permitting legionaries to marry in order to secure their loyalty.
Rome reached a population of about 1,5 million citizens and pretty much every task of maintaining the city was performed by its 400,000 slaves or “free” workers with privileges, such as free admission to baths, sport events, and gladiatorial games. The middle-class citizens owned an average of 8 slaves, while the rich owned 500 to 1,000 slaves.
Severus also banned conversion to Christianity and any kind of Christian propaganda. In order to avoid Severus’ persecution, the Christian theologian and philosopher Clement of Alexandria took refuge with Alexander in Cappadocia (Turkey.)
Also, female gladiators were banned from participating in the games.
In addition, Rome established ‘medical licenses’ awarded to only trained physicians who had passed their approved system and examinations. This tactic was later copied by Rockefeller and Carnegie as their families forced the false germ theory of Pasteur onto physicians in the 1800’s, establishing the pseudoscience of modern western medicine and banning anyone practicing holistic approaches or using the only natural and correct way of nutrition and fasting for healing the body – using the ridicule tactic of labeling them as quacks.
In 203 AD, emperor Severus rebuilt the Greek city of Byzantium, later to be known as Constantinople and present-day Istanbul. He also expanded the southern frontier of Africa with making new fortifications to the large city of Carthage.
In 204 AD, Severus ‘alleviated’ a trade recession in the Leptis Magna region (Libya) of Africa by buying all their olive oil for free distribution in Rome.
Phosphor is found in olives, and olive oil was used in lamps, thus the olive tree, which can become very old, became the sacred source of light. Olive oil was also linked to the oily blood of the long-lived reptilians, the overlords. Phosphorus as a free element is highly reactive, and was thus seen as the ‘light bringer,’ the element of the devil with the atomic number 15 (the 15th tarot card is The Devil.)
In extension, Phosphor is symbolic for the white fallen angels, who are linked to the brightest star, the comet later known as Venus. Because of Venus’ proximity to the Sun, its light is often obliterated; thus, Venus is only visible in the early morning or in the evening, either just after sun-set or just before sunrise, thus ‘Lucifer the Morning Star.’
In 205 and 206 AD, as the most northern Antonine Wall had been mostly destroyed and abandoned, Hadrian’s Wall in Britannia was restored and retaken by Roman forces for the first time since the Pictish uprising in 180 AD. The Romans have had a lot of trouble keeping the raiding Caledonian tribes (Celtics out of Scotland) from moving south into their territory. This military action was fortified by Severus visiting Britain with his sons Caracalla and Geta to oversee the restoration and refortification.
In 209 AD, years after Septimus’ visits to Britannia, he made new plans to subdue the land to the north of Scotland. The Romans cleared forests and built roads for their armies, and ravaged the land severely. As the Romans reached Aber, the Scottish tribes relied on the tactics of guerrilla warfare.
In 210 AD, as the Romans suffered heavy losses to the tactics of the Scots, Severus sent his son, Caracalla, to systematically use agents and spies to wipe out and torture the leaders and highest ranking Scots into submission. These brutal military missions formed the psyche of the young Caracalla and he was perceived as a tyrant and a cruel leader.
In 211 AD, emperor Severus, having fallen ill, died in Eboracum (present-day York) while on a campaign in Britain. His sons Caracalla and Geta succeeded him as joint Roman Emperors. However, the brothers had never been on favorable terms with each other, and especially not after their father’s death.
10 months later, a reconciliation meeting was arranged by their mother Julia Domna, and Geta was lured into coming without his bodyguards. When Geta arrived, he was assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard loyal to Caracalla.
Caracalla then reigned as sole ruler of the Roman Empire, and as he looked on administrational work as mundane, he left those responsibilities to his mother.
Eboracum (York) became the capital of ‘Britannia Inferior,’ the northern Roman province in Britannia.
In 212 AD, the edict called the ‘Antonine Constitution,’ a decree of law of Emperor Caracalla, extended Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire, with the exception of a limited group including Christians and Egyptians. All free women in the Empire were given the same rights as Roman women.
In 213 AD, Caracalla left Rome on military campaigns, never to return, leaving his mother Julia to rule the Empire. He defended the northern Rhine frontier against the Alamanni and the Chatti. Caracalla also won against the Germanic tribes on the banks of the river Main in central Germany, and later gave himself the title “Germanicus.” His victories ensured his popularity within the Roman Army.
In 215 AD, Caracalla and his armies reaches Alexandria in Egypt after hearing about satire claiming he killed his brother Geta in self-defense. His troops massacred the population of Alexandria, beginning with the leading citizens.
As Rome’s economy became weaker, Caracalla introduced a new coin, the Antoninianus. The weight of this coin was a mere 1/50 of a pound, and it became the only official currency.
In 216 AD, the Baths of Caracalla in Rome were completed with public baths (Thermae,) reading rooms, auditoriums, running tracks, and a public garden.
Caracalla then tricked the Parthians by accepting a marriage proposal. After the wedding, during the celebrations, he had his bride and all the wedding guests slaughtered.
Caracalla then proceeded with provoking a war with Artabanus V of Parthia, by imitating his idol Alexander the Great. Caracalla crossed the Tigris, destroyed several towns and spoiled the tombs of Arbela. The Roman army then annexed Armenia.
Meanwhile, the Parthian (Iranian) prophet Mani founded Manichaeism based on Gnosticism, a dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil material world of darkness.
His teachings later influenced the Bogomils (Christian neo-Gnostic/dualist sect in the Balkans,) Paulicians (medieval Christian sect in Armenia,) and Cathars (Christian dualist/Gnostic movement in medieval Southern Europe.)
According to Mani, the evil demiurge who created the world was the Jewish Jehovah, and he was portrayed as the cock-headed Abraxas.