The previous part is here: https://bartoll.se/2024/02/history-matrix-part49/
All parts of this series can be found here: https://bartoll.se/world-playbook-quickstart/
In 646 AD, only a year after the revolt in Alexandria, the city was recaptured by the Muslim Arabs after the Byzantine/Roman Empire failed to retake Egypt. The failure by the Byzantine ended a nearly 1,000 years of rule by the Greco-Roman states of Alexandria and Egypt.
Due to the failed attempt, Gregory the Patrician, the Byzantine exarch of Africa, began a rebellion against emperor Constans II, and proclaimed himself emperor; the revolt got a lot of support among the African populace.
In the Arabian Empire, Caliph Uthman ibn Affan founded the city of Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) on the coast of the Red Sea. He established a port for Muslim pilgrims making the required “Hajj” to Mecca (the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca.)
In Japan, emperor Kōtoku made a decree about the policies of building tombs. He discontinued the old custom of sacrificing people in honor of a dead man, and forbid ill-considered rituals about purgation.
In China, the Buddhist monk and scholar Xuanzang completed his book the “Great Tang Records” on the Western Regions, which later became one of the primary sources for the study of medieval Central Asia and India.
In 647 AD, the Arab–Byzantine War continued as an Arab army of roughly 20,000 men under Abdullah ibn Sa’ad invaded the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa. The Muslim Arabs conquered Tripolitania and the city of Sufetula, 150 miles (240 km) south of Carthage.
The usurper and self-proclaimed emperor Gregory the Patrician was killed during the Arab invasion at Sufetula. Africa returned to Byzantine/Roman allegiance after his death, but the foundation of the Imperial rule was fatally undermined.
In Asia, emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty sent a Chinese mission to study Indian techniques of sugar manufacturing, at Bihar in the Ganges Valley. The refining of the white poison would further deteriorate the health of the Asian people, driving them further away from their species-appropriate diet of animal-based foods, and eventually spread to the rest of the world, contributing to most of what is today labelled as “modern diseases.”
In Britannia, Hilda of Whitby, at age 33, symbolically, was persuaded by Aidan, the bishop of Lindisfarne, to enter the monastic life at Hartlepool Abbey (Northumbria.) Hilda would later become an important figure in the Catholic “Christianization” of Anglo-Saxon England. She was the founder and first abbess of the monastery at Whitby, and later deemed a saint, hence the re-writing of her story as being “33” years old when entering the monastic life – the age of Jesus when he died on the cross and the number later associated with Scottish Rite Freemasonry through the Catholic Church and their future Jesuit Order.
In 648 AD, emperor Constans II of the Byzantine/Roman Empire issued an imperial edict forbidding Monothelitism to be discussed, as in Christ only having one will, to quiet the intense controversy caused by the Monothelete doctrine. This edict was distributed by patriarch Paul II in Constans’ name, and was known as the Typos.
In Britannia, King Cenwalh of Wessex returned from a 3-year exile in East Anglia, to reclaim his kingdom. He gave 3,000 hides of land around Ashdown to his nephew Cuthred. A “hide” was a unit of land deemed sufficient to support one household.
In 649 AD, after both forces recuperating for over a year, the Arab–Byzantine War continued with Arab naval forces under Abdullah ibn Sa’ad conquering Cyprus, sacking the capital Constantia after a short siege, and looting the rest of the island.
In 650 AD, the nomadic Turkish people, the Khazars, extended from the Dnieper to the Caspian Sea, and established the city Itil as its capital on the shore of the Caspian Sea. Their land extended Northward to the headwaters of the Volga. Their rulers accepted the Jewish religion, likely to assert their independence from both Muslims and Christians.
In Britannia, the pagan Mercians under King Penda moved on East Anglia where they destroyed the monastery at Burgh Castle and expelled King Anna.
Also, the construction of St. Martin’s Church began in Canterbury, England.
In Asia, the first Chinese paper money was issued. However, these banknotes would not become government-issued until about 400 to 600 years later when the Song Dynasty in the Sichuan province issued them in the year 1024, with the central government of China following suit in the 12th century.
In the Americas, the first settlements on Jamaica were recorded around this date, The island was settled by the Ostinoid people, ancestors of the Caribbean Taíno people. These people extensively hunted turtles and fish.
In 651 AD, King Oswiu of Bernicia in Britain declared war on his rival, King Oswine of Deira. Oswine refused to engage him in battle, and retreated to Gilling (North Yorkshire.) Oswine was later betrayed by a friend and murdered by King Oswiu’s soldiers.
Œthelwald succeeded his uncle Oswine as king of Deira, and allied himself with King Oswiu’s enemy, King Penda of Mercia.
In Persia, King Yazdegerd III was murdered in a miller’s hut near Merv by his followers. This ended both the Persian resistance to its Arab conquest, and the Persian-Sassanid Empire.
In Arabia, the Rashidun army under Abdullah ibn Aamir invaded Afghanistan and captured the main forts in Khorasan (modern Iran.) The Muslim Arabs occupied the cities of Balkh and Herat, which both surrendered peacefully.
A Muslim embassy led by Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas arrived in the capital Chang’an, China, via an oversea route. They were greeted by Emperor Gao Zong, who ordered the establishment of the first Chinese mosque.
Also, the Quran, the religious text of Islam, was compiled by Caliph Uthman ibn Affan in its modern-day form. The text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Arab world.
In 652 AD, King Penda of Mercia invaded Bernicia, and besieged King Oswiu at Bamburgh, in North East England.
Off the coast of Africa, near Alexandria, a Byzantine/Roman fleet of nearly 500 ships were defeated by the Arab fleet under Abdullah ibn Sa’ad.
After the victory, a Rashidun army of 5,000 men under Abdullah ibn Sa’ad besieged Dongola in the Kingdom of Makuria (modern Sudan.)
Meanwhile, Uthman ibn Affan established a treaty (the Baqt) between the Christian Nubians and the Muslims in Egypt, that lasted for six centuries.
In Japan, new registers of population began to form with a new system. Fifty houses were made into a township, and for each township there was appointed an elder. The houses of elders were all associated in groups of five for mutual protection, with one elder to supervise them. This system prevailed until the era of World War II.
In 653 AD, Byzantine Emperor Constans II voluntarily surrendered Armenia to the Arabs, following a truce with Muawiyah, governor of Syria.
In Europe, the Catholic Church found a new puppet in Aripert I, who was elected as king of the Lombards after King Rodoald was assassinated. Aripert I spread Catholicism over the Lombard kingdom and built many new churches during his 8-year reign of Italy.
In Britannia, King Penda of Mercia secured dominance over the area of Middle Anglia, where he established his son Peada as ruler. Peada then married Alchflaed, the daughter of King Oswiu of Bernicia.
Also, King Sigeberht I of Essex died after a 36-year reign, and was succeeded by his relative Sigeberht II. Sigeberht II was immediately persuaded by Oswiu to adopt the Catholic faith, as part of a mobilization against Penda.
In 654 AD, Emperor Constans II appointed his son Constantine IV, age 2, co-emperor (Augustus.) of course, he was too young to rule as monarch of the Byzantine Empire, and his title remained a given name.
In Britannia, King Penda of Mercia defeated the East Anglians at Bulcamp near Blythburgh (Suffolk.) King Anna of East Anglia and his son Jurmin were both killed. Æthelhere succeeded his brother Anna as king of East Anglia, and accepted Mercian overlordship.
In Arabia, Arab invaders crossed the Oxus River, in what later would be Uzbekistan.
In 655 AD, Emperor Constans II personally commanded the Byzantine fleet of roughly 500 ships in an attack on the Arab navy. He sailed to the province of Lycia (now in Turkey) in the southern region of Asia Minor. The two forces met off the coast of Mount Phoenix, near the harbor of Phoenix (present day Finike.) The Arabs under Abdullah ibn Sa’ad were victorious in battle, although losses were heavy for both sides. Constans II barely made it back to Constantinople.
In Britannia, during the Battle of the Winwaed, King Oswiu of Bernicia defeated his long rival King Penda of Mercia at Cock Beck, near what later would be Leeds (Yorkshire.) Kings Cadafael Cadomedd of Gwynedd and Œthelwald of Deira, allies of Mercia, withdrew their forces before the battle begun.
That battle marked the defeat of the last credible pagan force in England. It was also the beginning of what would lead to a wide Anglo-Saxon acceptance of the Roman Catholic Church, which would later absorb all of Britain and shape it in their Satanic ways.
After this historical battle, Oswiu become overlord (bretwalda) over much of Great Britain. He also establishes himself as the new King of Mercia.
Also, his son-in-law, Penda’s son Peada, who had now been baptized by a Catholic Bishop, were set up as a subject king over Middle Anglia.
Peada then went on and founded Peterborough Cathedral (Province of Canterbury.) In the years following, it became one of the first centers of Catholic “Christianity” in England.